Impact of Recreational Exercise on Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Use: A Comprehensive Analysis of the NHANES Database

Abstract

Introduction: This study examines whether recreational physical activity can reduce NSAID use among adults. While NSAIDs effectively manage pain, they carry risks like gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects. Exercise, known for its anti-inflammatory effects, offers a non-pharmacological alternative. Physical activity reduces inflammation through anti-inflammatory cytokines, and lower visceral fat, and immune support, suggesting it may reduce NSAID need.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis used 2017-2018 NHANES data, representing the U.S. population, including 5,145 adults with complete NSAID use and recreational physical activity data. Statistical analysis with STATA 18.5 applied univariate and logistic regression modeling to assess associations between recreational exercise (moderate, vigorous, or both) and NSAID use. Confounders, including age, gender, BMI, arthritis, and trouble sleeping, were adjusted in the final model.

Key Findings: Participants engaging in both moderate and vigorous exercise had significantly lower odds of NSAID use (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.32, 0.78). Conversely, arthritis (OR 3.89, 95% CI: 2.83, 5.34) and at least one comorbidity (OR 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.65) were linked to higher NSAID use

Implications and Conclusion: This study highlights regular moderate and vigorous exercise as a viable non-pharmacological strategy to reduce NSAID use and associated health risks. Recognizing factors like arthritis and sleep quality that influence NSAID use helps improve pain management strategies, with exercise as a beneficial addition. Further research should explore exercise types and lasting effects on NSAID reduction.