Clinical Associations of Long Anterior Zonules: A Review

Abstract

Background and Aim: The presence of long anterior zonules [LAZ] in the eye was first described in 1907. They have been reported to be associated with potentially blinding ocular diseases like retinal degeneration and glaucoma. Despite this it is understudied and little is known about their pathophysiology and natural history. This review discusses the different aspects of the long anterior zonule phenotype and suggests areas for further research.

Methods: We reviewed the available literature on eyes with LAZ and describe their characteristics and associations under different clinical subheadings.

Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that patients with long anterior zonules need to be investigated carefully for associated retinal disease and glaucoma. Asymptomatic cases need to be followed up closely for the development of these potentially blinding ocular diseases. Prospective studies are required to shed more light on the inheritance ,pathogenesis and natural history of long anterior zonules.

Keywords: long anterior zonules, glaucoma, late onset retinal macular degeneration, pigment dispersion, pigmented lens striae